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Quantity and source of dietary protein influence metabolite production by gut microbiota and rectal mucosa gene expression: a randomized, parallel, double-blind trial in overweight humans
dietary protein protein source high-protein diet gut microbiota
2018/11/19
Background: Although high-protein diets (HPDs) are frequently consumed for body-weight control, little is known about the consequences for gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity and for lar...
Quantity and source of dietary protein influence metabolite production by gut microbiota and rectal mucosa gene expression: a randomized, parallel, double-blind trial in overweight humans
dietary protein protein source high-protein diet gut microbiota,
2018/11/16
Background: Although high-protein diets (HPDs) are frequently consumed for body-weight control, little is known about the consequences for gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity and for lar...
Humans identify negative (but not positive) arousal in silver fox vocalizations: Implications for the adaptive value of interspecific eavesdropping
eavesdropping emotional arousal emotional valence
2017/8/28
The ability to identify emotional arousal in heterospecific vocalizations may facilitate behaviors that increase survival opportunities. Crucially, this ability may orient inter-species interactions, ...
Humans recognize emotional arousal in vocalizations across all classes of terrestrial vertebrates: Evidence for acoustic universals
emotional arousal language evolution vocal communication
2017/8/28
Writing over a century ago, Darwin hypothesized that vocal expression of emotion dates back to our earliest terrestrial ancestors. If this hypothesis is true, we should expect to find cross-species ac...
Effect of Different Osmolalities, CHO Types, and [CHO] on Gastric Emptying in Humans
CARBOHYDRATE OSMOLALITY GASTRIC EMPTYING HYDRATION
2018/4/24
Purpose This study investigated the effect of beverage osmolalities, carbohydrate (CHO) type, and CHO concentration on gastric emptying in euhydrated subjects at rest.
Methods The gastric emptying of...
It has long been viewed that the analysis of sodium excretion in a morning “spot” urine sample is a valuable measure to estimate salt intake of the previous day. A study in this issue of the Journal s...
Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Orthostatic Tolerance in Aging Humans
CAROTID ARTERIAL BAROREFLEX PEAK O2 UPTAKE LOWER-BODY NEGATIVE PRESSURE CEREBRAL TISSUE OXYGENATION PRESYNCOPE
2018/4/24
Purpose This study was designed to test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training of the elderly will increase aerobic fitness without compromising orthostatic tolerance (OT).
Methods Eight healt...
Tea catechin and caffeine activate brown adipose tissue and increase cold-induced thermogenic capacity in humans
catechin brown adipose tissue energy expenditure old-induced thermogenesis healthy humans
2018/11/13
Background: The thermogenic effects of green tea catechin have been repeatedly reported, but their mechanisms are poorly understood.
Body-composition changes in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)-2 study: a 2-y randomized controlled trial of calorie restriction in nonobese humans
body composition, calorie restriction, humans, long-term, nonobese
2018/11/13
Background: Calorie restriction (CR) retards aging and increases longevity in many animal models. However, it is unclear whether CR can be implemented in humans without adverse effects on body composi...
The n−3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans
Systemic arterial compliance n− 3 fatty y acids plasma lipids arterial pressure cardiovascular disease eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid
2016/12/19
Background: n−3 Fatty acids influence vascular function, but the effect of individual fatty acids on systemic arterial compliance (SAC) has not been reported. SAC, which reflects arterial e...
Effects of cocoa powder and dark chocolate on LDL oxidative susceptibility and prostaglandin concentrations in humans
Cocoa powder dark chocolate LDL oxidation
2016/6/14
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds of plant
origin with antioxidant effects. Flavonoids inhibit LDL oxidation
and reduce thrombotic tendency in vitro. Little is known about
how cocoa powder and ...
Examining the effect of a nutrition intervention on immune function in healthy humans: what do we mean by immune function and who is really healthy anyway?
nutrition intervention immune function
2016/6/14
Designing studies to examine the role of nutrition in disease
prevention can provide interesting challenges. For example,
assessing the effect of nutritional interventions on immune function
is oft...
Guar gum does not impair the absorption and utilization of dietary nitrogen but affects early endogenous urea kinetics in humans
Guar gum dietary nitrogen urea kinetics
2016/6/14
Viscous gums enhance viscosity in the upper gastrointestinal
lumen, quickly disturbing motility and promoting
fluid secretion.
Measurements of the gastric emptying rate by use of ultrasonography: studies in humans using bread with added sodium propionate
gastric emptying rate glycemic index ultrasonography
2016/6/14
Foods with a low glycemic index are increasingly
being acknowledged as beneficial for individuals with disorders
related to the insulin resistance syndrome. The presence of certain
salts of organic...
Consumption of flavonoids in onions and black tea: lack of effect on F2-isoprostanes and autoantibodies to oxidized LDL in healthy humans
Flavonoid onions black tea antioxidant
2016/6/13
Oxidative damage to lipids in vivo may be
involved in the development of atherosclerosis and cancer.
Onions and black tea are foods rich in flavonoids, predominantly
the flavonoid quercetin, which ...