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Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: intention-to-treat, treatment adherence, and missing participant outcome data in the nutrition literature
clinical trials patient dropouts randomization adherence intention to treat missing outcome data per protocol
2018/12/18
Among clinical trials of adequate size, randomization balances both known and unknown prognostic factors between trial arms, thus allowing an unbiased comparison of intervention and control.
Transcobalamin 776C→G polymorphism is associated with peripheral neuropathy in elderly individuals with high folate intake
folate folic acid peripheral neuropathy TCN2 776C>G polymorphism transcobalamin vitamin B-12
2018/12/19
Background: The 776C→G polymorphism of the vitamin B-12 transport protein transcobalamin gene (TCN2) (rs1801198; Pro259Arg) is associated with a lower holotranscobalamin concentration in plasma. This ...
Moderate folic acid supplementation and MTHFD1-synthetase deficiency in mice, a model for the R653Q variant, result in embryonic defects and abnormal placental development
birth defects developmental defects embryo folic acid high folate methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFD1 placenta
2018/12/19
Background: Moderately high folic acid intake in pregnant women has led to concerns about deleterious effects on the mother and fetus. Common polymorphisms in folate genes, such as methylenetetrahydro...
The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is associated with a more nutrient-dense diet and a lower risk of obesity
Canada, chronic diseases Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index DGAI dietary patterns obesity validity and reliability
2018/12/18
Background: Dietary pattern analysis represents a departure from the traditional focus on single foods and nutrients and provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of the diet in chronic disea...
Do ω-3 PUFAs affect insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
adults diabetes omega-3 PUFAs DHA EPA insulin resistance insulin sensitivity
2018/12/19
Background: Evidence has suggested that omega-3 (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) improve obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR); however, results from human intervention trials have been equ...
Mortality in children with complicated severe acute malnutrition is related to intestinal and systemic inflammation: an observational cohort study
cytokines diarrhea inflammation inflammatory bowel disease severe acute malnutrition
2018/12/18
Background: Diarrhea affects a large proportion of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, its etiology and clinical consequences remain unclear.
Prospective associations of maternal betaine status with offspring weight and body composition at birth: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort study
betaine pregnancy birth weight infants adiposity
2018/12/18
Background: Betaine supplementation results in lower body weight and fat mass and higher lean mass in animals and adult humans. However, the relation between maternal betaine status and offspring birt...
Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in adolescents aged 14–18 y: a dose-response, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial
adolescents dose-response randomized controlled trial recommendations requirements vitamin D
2018/12/18
Background: Adolescents are a population group at high risk of low vitamin D status, yet the evidence base for establishing dietary vitamin D requirements remains weak.
Therapeutic brain modulation with targeted large neutral amino acid supplements in the Pah-enu2 phenylketonuria mouse model
phenylketonuria inborn error of metabolism large neutral amino acids mouse model neurotransmitters brain biochemistry treatment
2018/12/18
Background: Phenylketonuria treatment consists mainly of a Phe-restricted diet, which leads to suboptimal neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes. Supplementation of large neutral amino acids (LNAAs)...
Intragastric administration of leucine or isoleucine lowers the blood glucose response to a mixed-nutrient drink by different mechanisms in healthy, lean volunteers
branched-chain amino acids energy intake food intake gastric emptying GIP GLP-1 glucagon gut hormones humans insulin
2018/12/18
Background: The branched-chain amino acids leucine and isoleucine lower blood glucose after oral glucose ingestion, and the intraduodenal infusion of leucine decreases energy intake in healthy, lean m...
Dietary protein intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies
animal protein dietary protein meta-analysis plant protein prospective study type 2 diabetes
2018/12/18
Background: Reported associations between protein intake from different sources and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been inconsistent.
Usual nutrient intakes of US infants and toddlers generally meet or exceed Dietary Reference Intakes: findings from NHANES 2009–2012
infants and toddlers nationally representative sample nutrient adequacy recommended intakes usual nutrient intake
2018/12/14
Background: To our knowledge, few studies have described the usual nutrient intakes of US children aged <2 y or assessed the nutrient adequacy of their diets relative to the recommended Dietary Refere...
Lunch eating predicts weight-loss effectiveness in carriers of the common allele at PERILIPIN1: the ONTIME (Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, Mediterranean) study
late eating Perilipin food timing weight loss obesity personalized nutrition
2018/12/14
Background: We propose that eating lunch late impairs the mobilization of fat from adipose tissue, particularly in carriers of PERILIPIN1 (PLIN1) variants.
Usual nutrient intakes of US infants and toddlers generally meet or exceed Dietary Reference Intakes: findings from NHANES 2009–2012
infants and toddlers nationally representative sample nutrient adequacy recommended intakes usual nutrient intake
2018/12/18
Background: To our knowledge, few studies have described the usual nutrient intakes of US children aged <2 y or assessed the nutrient adequacy of their diets relative to the recommended Dietary Refere...
Lunch eating predicts weight-loss effectiveness in carriers of the common allele at PERILIPIN1: the ONTIME (Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, Mediterranean) study
late eating Perilipin food timing weight loss obesity personalized nutrition
2018/12/18
Background: We propose that eating lunch late impairs the mobilization of fat from adipose tissue, particularly in carriers of PERILIPIN1 (PLIN1) variants.