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Vitamin D is not associated with incident dementia or cognitive impairment: an 18-y follow-up study in community-living old men
Alzheimer disease cognitive impairment cohort dementia Mendelian randomization vascular dementia vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D
2018/11/13
Background: Vitamin D has been implicated as being important for maintaining cognitive function in old age. Results from longitudinal studies examining the association of vitamin D with incident demen...
Associations of maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy with infant BMI peak characteristics and childhood BMI
adiposity carbohydrate childhood BMI growth modeling infancy BMI peak
2018/11/13
Background: Infant body mass index (BMI) peak characteristics and early childhood BMI are emerging markers of future obesity and cardiometabolic disease risk, but little is known about their maternal ...
Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial favorably affects energy-balance metrics in healthy men and postmenopausal women
body fat body weight continuous glucose monitoring energy metabolism
2018/11/13
Background: The effect of whole grains on the regulation of energy balance remains controversial.
Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of substituting whole grains for refined grains, indepen...
Frontostriatal and behavioral adaptations to daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a randomized controlled trial
reward dorsal striatum habit-based decision making sugar-sweetened
2018/11/13
Background: Current obesity theories suggest that the repeated intake of highly palatable high-sugar foods causes adaptions in the striatum, parietal lobe, and prefrontal and visual cortices in the br...
Effects of interpretive nutrition labels on consumer food purchases: the Starlight randomized controlled trial
behavior diet labeling nutrient profile nutrition randomized controlled trial
2018/11/13
Background: Nutrition labeling is a prominent policy to promote healthy eating.
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 interpretive nutrition labels compared with a noninterpretive label on...
A metabolomic study of biomarkers of meat and fish intake
chicken red meat processed meat fish metabolomics
2018/11/13
Background: Meat and fish intakes have been associated with various chronic diseases. The use of specific biomarkers may help to assess meat and fish intake and improve subject classification accordin...
Higher dietary flavonoid intakes are associated with lower objectively measured body composition in women: evidence from discordant monozygotic twins
body composition diet fat distribution flavonoids twins
2018/11/13
Background: Although dietary flavonoid intake has been associated with less weight gain, there are limited data on its impact on fat mass, and to our knowledge, the contribution of genetic factors to ...
Body composition, diet, and physical activity: a longitudinal cohort study in preschoolers with cerebral palsy
body composition body fat cerebral palsy energy intake fat-free mass habitual physical activity preschool children sedentary behavior
2018/11/12
Background: Altered body composition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) could be due to differences in energy intake, habitual physical activity (HPA), and sedentary time.
Metabolic syndrome increases dietary α-tocopherol requirements as assessed using urinary and plasma vitamin E catabolites: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial
α-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol α-CEHC α-carboxymethylbutyl
2018/11/13
Background: Vitamin E supplementation improves liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We reported previously that α-t...
Metabolomic profiles as reliable biomarkers of dietary composition
dietary compliance dietary composition low-carbohydrate diet
2018/11/13
Background: Clinical nutrition research often lacks robust markers of compliance, complicating the interpretation of clinical trials and observational studies of free-living subjects.
Association of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with the risk of incident dementia or Alzheimer disease: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Alzheimer disease apolipoprotein E4 cholesterol cognitive function,
2018/11/12
Background: There is little information about the associations of intakes of cholesterol and eggs, a major source of dietary cholesterol, with the risk of cognitive decline in general populations or i...
A micronutrient-fortified young-child formula improves the iron and vitamin D status of healthy young European children: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial
iron deficiency vitamin D deficiency cow milk young-child formula vitamin D supplements micronutrient fortification young children
2018/11/12
Background: Iron deficiency (ID) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) are common among young European children because of low dietary intakes and low compliance to vitamin D supplementation policies. Milk i...
Vitamin B-12–fortified toothpaste improves vitamin status in vegans: a 12-wk randomized placebo-controlled study
deficiency holotranscobalamin methylmalonic acid supplementation,
2018/11/13
Background: The oral application of vitamin B-12 may prevent its deficiency if the vitamin is absorbed via the mucosal barrier.
Identifying biomarkers of dietary patterns by using metabolomics
dietary pattern diet quality Healthy Eating Index biomarker metabolomics metabolite
2018/11/12
Background: Healthy dietary patterns that conform to national dietary guidelines are related to lower chronic disease incidence and longer life span. However, the precise mechanisms involved are uncle...
Nonviolent civil insecurity is negatively associated with subsequent height-for-age in children aged <5 y born between 1998 and 2014 in rural areas of Africa
civil insecurity stunting Africa community and international nutrition height-for-age
2018/11/12
Background: Civil wars and wars between states have occurred less frequently since the start of the 21st century, but civil insecurity outside the contexts of official wars continues to plague many pa...