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Science and Education: two academic cultures with a wall between them. How can scientists surmount their own narrow disciplinary interests and capture some of the other culture's excitement? In a prev...
The Coastal Boundary Layer in Lake Ontario：Part II. The Summer-Fall Regime
Coastal Boundary Layer Lake Ontario The Summer-Fall Regime
2009/4/3
Field observations on coastal currents near Oshawa on the north shore of Lake Ontario during summer and fall are described. The technique of observations (flag-station chain) has been given in Part I,...
Transient Gulf Stream Meandering. Part II：Analysis via a Quasi-Geostrophic Time-Dependent Model
Transient Gulf Stream Meandering Quasi-Geostrophic Time-Dependent Model
2009/3/26
Simultaneous path and bottom velocity measurements made during the Transient Meander Experiment, reported in Part I, are analyzed in terms of a quasi-geostrophic thin jet model of the meandering Gulf ...
Baroclinic Instability over a Slope. Part II：Finite-Amplitude Theory
Baroclinic Instability Finite-Amplitude Theory
2009/3/24
Baroclinic instability of a circular current is modified by the presence of a unidirectional bottom slope. An analytical theory is developed for the slightly unstable flow regime over a weak slope. Th...
A Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Model. Part II. The Oceanic Circulation
Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Oceanic Circulation
2009/3/24
A numerical experiment has been carried out with a joint model of the ocean and atmosphere. The 12-level model of the world ocean predicts the fields of horizontal velocity, temperature and salinity. ...
The Influence of Wind on the Surface Layer of a Stratified Inlet：Part II. Analysis
Surface Layer Stratified Inlet Analysis
2009/3/7
Analysis of the wind and current data for Alberni Inlet demonstrates the strongly wind-dependent nature of the surface currents, especially at the diurnal frequency. In contrast, the response of the s...
Maps from the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment：Part II. Potential vorticity and its Conservation
Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment Conservation Potential vorticity
2009/3/7
Observations of float trajectories and vertical density profiles from the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment are analyzed in terms of a likely equation of motion for mesoscale eddies involving the conserva...
On the Nonlinear Theory for Gravity Waves on the Ocean's Surface. Part II：Interpretation and Applications
Nonlinear Theory Gravity Waves Ocean's Surface Interpretation
2009/3/7
In a previous paper (Weber and Barrick, 1977), a generalization of Stokes’ perturbational technique permitted us to obtain solutions to higher orders for gravity-wave parameters for an arbitrary, two-...
On Geostrophic Adjustment in Sea Straits and Wide Estuaries：Theory and Laboratory Experiments. Part II—Two-Layer System
Sea Straits II—Two-Layer System Wide Estuaries
2009/2/23
A frictionless nonlinear model with allowance for motions which are far from a state of geostrophic balance is considered in order to describe the dynamics of outflows consisting of two layers of flui...
Comparison of Finite-Element and Finite-Difference Schemes. Part II：Two-Dimensional Gravity Wave Motion
Finite-Element Finite-Difference Schemes Two-Dimensional Gravity Wave Motion
2009/2/23
Irregular grid finite-difference techniques lead to equations similar to those obtained using finite-element techniques. The simpler finite-difference equations offer the advantage of greater computat...
On the Interpretation of Ocean Current Spectra, Part II：Testing Dynamical Hypotheses
Ocean Current Spectra Dynamical Hypotheses
2009/2/23
Three examples are chosen to illustrate how the several spectrum representations in Part 1 can be used to test whether a proposed dynamical mechanism is supported by a given set of observations. The e...
A New Method for Measuring the Directional Wave Spectrum. Part II. Measurement of the Directional Spectrum and Phase Velocity of Laboratory Wind Waves
Directional Wave Spectrum Phase Velocity Directional Spectrum Laboratory Wind Waves
2009/2/23
A new method for measuring the directional spectrum, introduced in the preceding paper (Rikiishi, 1978), has been applied to actual wind waves in a large experimental tank 70 m × 8 m with the water 3 ...
The Structure of Three-Dimensional Tide-Induced Current. Part II：Residual Currents
Three-Dimensional Tide-Induced Current Residual Currents
2009/2/19
A simple method of computing the second-order, three-dimensional, tidally-induced residual current is presented. The depth-averaged residual current and the mean-surface gradient from the depth-averag...
On the Stability of a Fluid with Specialized Density Stratification. Part II：Mixed Baroclinic-Barotropic Instability with Application to the Northeast Pacific
Density Stratification Mixed Baroclinic-Barotropic Instability Northeast Pacific
2009/2/18
Low-frequency motions (0.25 cpd) have recently been observed in Juan de Fuca Strait. The three-layer model developed in Part I of this paper is used to show that some of this activity may be due to an...
The Physical Oceanography of Two Rings Observed by the Cyclonic Ring Experiment. Part II：Dynamics
Physical Oceanography Dynamics Cyclonic Ring Experiment
2009/2/16
Data from the 1977 Cyclonic Ring Experiment is used to examine the, density, velocity, vorticity and energy distributions in a Gulf Stream cyclonic ring. A time series on ring BOB provides information...